5月份我们的阅读理解要进行分类练习
阅读理解练习：社会学

           We have to realize how old, how very old we are. Nations are classified "aged" when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really aged societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be－at least, for any future that concerns us now.
           To these new familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognised. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio－the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can－is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.
             If "revolution" is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances had a leading position at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France.
             There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it.
            If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman.

1．According to the passage, really aged societies may include______.
A.all developed nations without exception
B.every one of European countries
C.Germany, France and Great Britain
D.Canada, Australian and the United States

2. . The author argues that the main cause of aged societies is ____.
A. not so much the decrease in deathrate as the fall in birthrate
B. no more the increase in birthrate than that in deathrate
C. not much the drop in deathrate any more than the rise in birthrate
D. as much the growth in birthrate as the decline in deathrate

3. The dependency ratio in older societies is more advantages than that in younger ones in that_____.
A. old people are more inactive than dependent babies
B. young people are more handicapped than the inactive aged
C. the inactive aged are more reliable than dependent babies
D. dependent infants are more of a handicap than the inactive elderly

4.The writer of the passage is most probably in favor of the statement that______.
A. it is a prolonged process for a highly developed society to change from a society with a younger population to that  
    with another one.
B. A person in his fifties in an advanced society may have lived through a revolution characteristic of social structure
    statement
C. the world conference about aging held in France was considered as a challenge to science and to science
D. in modern society, a man over thirty can expect to live up to sixty, and a woman still longer.

5.The author asserts his belief that______.
A. the growth in number of the old is liable for the fall in that of the young.
B. the seemingly impossible statement about the main cause of aged societies has a truth
C. the greater dependency of babies is subject to the change in social struture.
D. the favorable conditions for continued living are perfect in modern societies

[ 本帖最后由 暴风雨骑士 于 2008-4-29 16:21 编辑 ]

参考答案及解析：

1. 选C。细节题。第一段第三句提到，really aged societies (真正的老年社会)都在Northwestern Europe(西北欧)。由此可知，［C］是正确答案。

2. 选A。推断题。此题实际上是测试对四种比较结构的理解。［A］not so much...as...（与其说死亡率降低，不如说是出生率下降）。此说法与第二段第二句一致，为正确选项。［B］ no more...than...，否定出生率，肯定死亡率，不合文章内容；［C］not...any more than，两者皆否定；［D］as...as...两者皆肯定。

3.选D。细节题。［D］"依赖人的婴儿比行动迟缓的老人更为麻烦"，此说法符合第二段第三句内容，为正确答案。［A］项与文意相反；［B］项中more handicapped (更有障碍)，不合文意；[C]项文章未提及。

4. 选B。细节题。第三段第一句说到：如果人口变革导致社会结构的快速调整，如果年龄结构对社会结构影响非常重要，那么在欧洲，特别是西欧，年龄在50岁以上的人就会经历这样的社会变革。

［B］项内容与此一致，为正确选项。

［A］项与第二段末句中的sudden change (突变)相悖；

［C］项是张冠李戴：第三段末句说These facts and circumstances had a leading position at a world gathering about aging...(这些事实和情况)在会议上占主导地位作为对…的挑战，而不是指会议本身；

［D］项与末段不符，按末段说法，30多岁的男子可活到80岁，而非60岁。

5. 选B。推断题。第二段中的paradox意为statement which seems to be impossible, but which may contain a truth（似是而非的隽语；反论），而apparent指的是clearly seen or understood（明显的；易懂的），可见作者对它持肯定态度，以下的阐述也证实了这一点。据此，［B］项说法正确。

［A］项中的liable for意同responsible for，与文意不符；

［C］项be subject to (受制于…；易受…)显然颠倒了因果关系；

［D］项与第四段末句意思相悖。

15分钟！全错！
没读明白！

对二个，

错2题
第3题的B和D  一个是are more handicapped than ，另一个是are more of a handicap than 两个意思有什么区别？
第5题，没把握好paradox

错了一个 但估计超时了

错三个  着急

:'( :'( :'( :'(

第三题：
more handicapped 更有障碍，more of a handicap 更麻烦。